Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) is a condition where the hip joint does not form properly in babies and young children. Because the hip is important for walking and movement, DDH can affect a child’s ability to move easily. Early detection and treatment can help children lead healthy, active lives. In this blog, you will learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for developmental dysplasia of hip.

What is Developmental Dysplasia of Hip?

Developmental dysplasia of hip, often called DDH, happens when the ball and socket of the hip joint do not fit together as they should. Sometimes, the hip joint is loose or even dislocated. This condition can affect one or both hips. Although DDH is most common in infants, it can also be found in older children. In the United States, about 1 to 2 out of every 1,000 babies have DDH, according to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Causes and Risk Factors

There are several reasons why a child may develop DDH. Some causes are known, while others are not fully understood. However, certain risk factors can increase the chance of DDH.

Family history of hip problems

Being the first-born child

Breech position during pregnancy (baby is feet-first)

Female gender (girls are more likely to have DDH)

Low levels of amniotic fluid in the womb

Swaddling the baby’s legs too tightly

For example, if a parent or sibling had hip dysplasia, the risk is higher. Also, babies born in breech position are checked more closely for DDH.

Common Symptoms and Signs

DDH may not always cause pain, especially in infants. Still, there are signs parents and doctors can watch for. Early signs of DDH in infants and children include:

One leg appears shorter than the other

Uneven skin folds on the thighs or buttocks

Limited movement or flexibility in one leg

Clicking or popping sounds when moving the hip

Limping or walking on toes (in older children)

However, some children may not show clear signs until they start walking. Therefore, regular check-ups are important.

How is DDH Diagnosed?

Doctors use several methods to diagnose developmental dysplasia of hip. First, they perform a physical exam. During this exam, the doctor gently moves the baby’s legs to check for hip stability. If the doctor suspects DDH, they may order imaging tests. These tests include:

Ultrasound (best for babies under six months)

X-ray (used for older infants and children)

Because early diagnosis leads to better outcomes, many hospitals in the United States screen newborns for DDH before they go home.

Treatment Options for DDH

Treatment for developmental dysplasia of hip depends on the child’s age and the severity of the condition. Early treatment is often more effective. Common hip dysplasia treatment options include:

Pavlik harness: A soft brace that holds the hips in the right position (used for infants under six months)

Closed reduction: A gentle procedure to move the hip into place, sometimes followed by a cast

Surgery: Needed if other treatments do not work or if DDH is found later

After treatment, regular follow-up visits help ensure the hip develops normally. Most children recover well with proper care.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all cases of DDH can be prevented, some steps may lower the risk. Parents can help by:

Allowing babies to move their legs freely

Avoiding tight swaddling around the hips and legs

Attending regular check-ups with a pediatrician

Knowing family history and sharing it with the doctor

Additionally, learning the signs of DDH can help parents seek help early.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any signs of DDH in your child, such as uneven leg length or limited hip movement, contact your doctor. Early evaluation is important. Even if there are no symptoms, regular check-ups can help catch DDH early. Remember, early treatment leads to better outcomes and helps children grow up healthy.

For personalized advice on developmental dysplasia of the hip, consult Dr. Ahesan Shaikh, an orthopedic specialist. Early care can make a big difference in your child’s health and mobility.